紫外熒光蛋白UV Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| Sirius | 355 | 424 |
| Sandercyanin | 375 | 630 |
| shBFP-N158S/L173I | 375 | 458 |
藍色熒光蛋白Blue Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| Azurite | 383 | 450 |
| EBFP2 | 383 | 448 |
| mKalama1 | 385 | 456 |
| mTagBFP2 | 399 | 454 |
| TagBFP | 402 | 457 |
| shBFP | 401 | 458 |
青色熒光蛋白Cyan Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| ECFP | 433 | 475 |
| Cerulean | 433 | 475 |
| mCerulean3 | 433 | 475 |
| SCFP3A | 433 | 474 |
| CyPet | 435 | 477 |
| mTurquoise | 434 | 474 |
| mTurquoise2 | 434 | 474 |
| TagCFP | 458 | 480 |
| mTFP1 | 462 | 492 |
| monomeric Midoriishi-Cyan | 470 | 496 |
| Aquamarine | 430 | 474 |
綠色熒光蛋白Green Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| TurboGFP | 482 | 502 |
| TagGFP2 | 483 | 506 |
| mUKG | 483 | 499 |
| Superfolder GFP | 485 | 510 |
| Emerald | 487 | 509 |
| EGFP | 488 | 507 |
| Monomeric Azami Green | 492 | 505 |
| mWasabi | 493 | 509 |
| Clover | 505 | 515 |
| mNeonGreen | 506 | 517 |
| NowGFP | 494 | 502 |
| mClover3 | 506 | 518 |
黃色熒光蛋白Yellow Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| TagYFP | 508 | 524 |
| EYFP | 513 | 527 |
| Topaz | 514 | 527 |
| Venus | 515 | 528 |
| SYFP2 | 515 | 527 |
| Citrine | 516 | 529 |
| Ypet | 517 | 530 |
| lanRFP-ΔS83 | 521 | 592 |
| mPapaya1 | 530 | 541 |
| mCyRFP1 | 528 | 594 |
桔色熒光蛋白Orange Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| Monomeric Kusabira-Orange | 548 | 559 |
| mOrange | 548 | 562 |
| mOrange2 | 549 | 565 |
| mKOκ | 551 | 563 |
| mKO2 | 551 | 565 |
紅色熒光蛋白Red Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| TagRFP | 555 | 584 |
| TagRFP-T | 555 | 584 |
| RRvT | 556 | 583 |
| mRuby | 558 | 605 |
| mRuby2 | 559 | 600 |
| mTangerine | 568 | 585 |
| mApple | 568 | 592 |
| mStrawberry | 574 | 596 |
| FusionRed | 580 | 608 |
| mCherry | 587 | 610 |
| mNectarine | 558 | 578 |
| mRuby3 | 558 | 592 |
| mScarlet | 569 | 594 |
| mScarlet-I | 569 | 593 |
遠紅熒光蛋白Far Red Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| mKate2 | 588 | 633 |
| HcRed-Tandem | 590 | 637 |
| mPlum | 590 | 649 |
| mRaspberry | 598 | 625 |
| mNeptune | 600 | 650 |
| NirFP | 605 | 670 |
| TagRFP657 | 611 | 657 |
| TagRFP675 | 598 | 675 |
| mCardinal | 604 | 659 |
| mStable | 597 | 633 |
| mMaroon1 | 609 | 657 |
| mGarnet2 | 598 | 671 |
近紅熒光蛋白Near IR Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| iFP1.4 | 684 | 708 |
| iRFP713 (iRFP) | 690 | 713 |
| iRFP670 | 643 | 670 |
| iRFP682 | 663 | 682 |
| iRFP702 | 673 | 702 |
| iRFP720 | 702 | 720 |
| iFP2.0 | 690 | 711 |
| mIFP | 683 | 704 |
| TDsmURFP | 642 | 670 |
| miRFP670 | 642 | 670 |
Sapphire-type Proteins
| Protein | Excitation Wavelength | Emission Wavelength |
|---|---|---|
| Sapphire | 399 | 511 |
| T-Sapphire | 399 | 511 |
| mAmetrine | 406 | 526 |
Red fluorescent proteins (RFP) can be imaged on existing confocal or widefield microscopes, and they also have more penetrating power. The excitation and emission maxima of RFP are 558nm and 583 nm, respectively.
The use of RFP, however, has been hampered with several issues. RFP is an obligate tetramer - thus, it forms large aggregates inside cells. This makes the use to RFP to report the location of a protein severely limited.
Although GFP can successfully fuse with several hundreds of proteins, RFP-conjugated proteins are often toxic. Some variants of RFP have overcome these limitations. For example, DsRed2 fluorescent protein does not form aggregates and has reduced toxicity, while another variant of RFP (known as RedStar) has increased brightness and maturation rate.
